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Tidally Triggered Star Formation in Close Pairs of Galaxies. II. Constraints on Burst Strengths and Ages
Galaxy-galaxy interactions rearrange the baryons in galaxies and triggersubstantial star formation; the aggregate effects of these interactionson the evolutionary histories of galaxies in the universe are poorlyunderstood. We combine B- and R-band photometry and optical spectroscopyto estimate the strengths and timescales of bursts of triggered starformation in the centers of 190 galaxies in pairs and compact groups.Based on an analysis of the measured colors and EW(Hα), wecharacterize the preexisting and triggered populations separately. Thebest-fitting burst scenarios assume stronger reddening corrections forline emission than for the continuum and continuous star formationlasting for >~100 Myr. The most realistic scenarios require aninitial mass function that is deficient in the highest mass stars. Thecolor of the preexisting stellar population is the most significantsource of uncertainty. Triggered star formation contributessubstantially (probably >~50%) to the R-band flux in the centralregions of several galaxies; tidal tails do not necessarily accompanythis star formation. Many of the galaxies in our sample have bluercenters than outskirts, suggesting that pre- or nonmerger interactionsmay lead to evolution along the Hubble sequence. These objects wouldappear blue and compact at higher redshifts; the older, redder outskirtsof the disks would be difficult to detect. Our data indicate thatgalaxies with larger separations on the sky contain weaker, and probablyolder, bursts of star formation on average. However, confirmation ofthese trends requires further constraints on the colors of the olderstellar populations and on the reddening for individual galaxies.
| Possible Local Spiral Galaxy Counterparts to Compact Blue Galaxies at Intermediate Redshift
We identify nearby disk galaxies with optical structural parameterssimilar to those of intermediate-redshift compact blue galaxies. Bycomparing H I and optical emission line widths, we show that the opticalwidths substantially underestimate the true kinematic widths of thelocal galaxies. By analogy, optical emission line widths mayunderrepresent the masses of intermediate-z compact objects. For thenearby galaxies, the compact blue morphology is the result of tidallytriggered central star formation; we argue that interactions and minormergers may cause apparently compact morphology at higher redshift.
| The Tully-Fisher Relation as a Measure of Luminosity Evolution: A Low-Redshift Baseline for Evolving Galaxies
We use optical rotation curves to investigate the R-band Tully-Fisherproperties of a sample of 90 spiral galaxies in close pairs, covering arange of luminosities, morphological types, and degrees of tidaldistortion. The galaxies follow the Tully-Fisher relation remarkablywell, with the exception of eight distinct ~3 σ outliers. Althoughmost of the outliers show signs of recent star formation, gasdynamicaleffects are probably the dominant cause of their anomalous Tully-Fisherproperties. Four outliers with small emission-line widths have verycentrally concentrated line emission and truncated rotation curves; thecentral emission indicates recent gas infall after a close galaxy-galaxypass. These four galaxies may be local counterparts to compact, bluegalaxies at intermediate redshift. The remaining galaxies have anegligible offset from the reference Tully-Fisher relation, but ashallower slope (2.6 σ significance) and a 25% larger scatter. Weargue that triggered star formation is a significant contributor to theslope difference. We characterize the nonoutlier sample with measures ofdistortion and star formation to search for third-parameter dependencein the residuals of the TF relation. Severe kinematic distortion is theonly significant predictor of TF residuals; this distortion is not,however, responsible for the slope difference from the referencedistribution. Because the outliers are easily removed by sigma clipping,we conclude that even in the presence of some tidal distortion,detection of moderate (>~0.5 mag in rest-frame R) luminosityevolution should be possible with high-redshift samples the size of this90-galaxy study. The slope of the TF relation, although difficult tomeasure, is as fundamental for quantifying luminosity evolution as thezero-point offset. Some observations reported in this paper wereobtained at the Multiple Mirror Telescope Observatory, a facilityoperated jointly by the University of Arizona and the SmithsonianInstitution.
| Effects of Interactions on the Nuclear Near Infrared Properties of Spiral Galaxies
Using JHKL photometric measures available in the literature, we havecompared the near-infrared colour indices and central luminosities ofsamples of relatively isolated spiral galaxies with LINER and H IIregion-like nuclei (hereafter called L and H) with corresponding samplesof interacting galaxies, in order to explore the effects of interactionson their near-infrared properties. We have found that the L galaxies andthe isolated H galaxies have, in general, normal near-infrared colourswhich are fully explainable in terms of emission from late-type evolvedstars. On the other hand, the sample of interacting H galaxies displays,on average, somewhat peculiar near-infrared colours (specifically,normal J - H colours, but redward H - K and, especially, K - Lexcesses), which very probably indicate the presence of thermal emissionfrom hot dust, presumably related to intense star formation activityinduced by the interactions. Furthermore, for the same galaxy samplethere is some evidence that the emission at λ ~ 2.2 microns issomewhat more centrally concentrated than that at shorter wavelengths.Interestingly, the L galaxies appear to have greater centralnear-infrared luminosities than the H galaxies, for the samemorphological-type interval.
| KISO survey for ultraviolet-excess galaxies. XVI
This paper presents the 16th list and identification charts of theultraviolet-excess galaxies that have been detected on the multicolorplates taken with the Kiso Schmidt telescope for 10 survey fields. Inthe sky region of some 300 square deg, 497 objects are cataloged down tothe photographic magnitude of approximately 18.
| Emission-line galaxies in the third list of the Case Low-Dispersion Northern Sky Survey
Observations of 47 galaxies in the third Case list are reported.Thirty-five of the galaxies in the sample were selected for the presenceof emission lines on the objective prism plates. At the higher spectraldispersion of the data, significant line emission was found in 46 of the47 galaxies. Twenty-six galaxies are found to be undergoing significantbursts of star formation. Ten additional galaxies may be starburstgalaxies with low-excitation spectra. Two galaxies are probably typeSeyfert 2. The most distant object, CG 200, at a redshift of 0.144, hasa strong broad H-alpha emission line, and is probably a Seyfert 1.Seventeen of the galaxies have been detected by IRAS. Eight of the IRASgalaxies have H-II-region-type spectra and eight have low-ionizationstarburst spectra. The galaxies represent a mixture of types, rangingfrom intrinsically faint dwarf galaxies with Mb equalling -16 mag, topowerful galaxies with MB equalling -23 mag. Galaxies CG 234 and CG 235are interacting, as are galaxies CG 269 and CG 270.
| Effects of Interactions on the Radio Properties of Non-Seyfert Galaxies
On the basis of radio surveys published in the literature we havecompared the radio properties of samples of relatively isolated spiralgalaxies with LINER- and H II- region-like nuclei (hereafter called Land H galaxies) with corresponding samples of non-Seyfert interactinggalaxies, in order to explore the effects of interactions on their radioproperties. Basically, we have found enhanced total and central radioemission (per light unit) in interacting H galaxies (compared with theirrelatively isolated counterparts) and enhanced central radio emission(per light unit) in interacting L galaxies. Analogous enhancements inthe strength of the total and nuclear Hα emission lines areobserved in interacting galaxies. Furthermore, within a sample ofinteracting galaxies, there appears to be evidence of enhanced total andcentral radio emission (per light unit) in strongly interacting galaxieswhich are likely to have H II-region-like nuclei, compared withmoderately interacting objects of the same nuclear type. Interacting Hgalaxies contain more extended central radio sources than isolatedgalaxies, whereas no difference in this sense is observed in the case ofL galaxies. L galaxies which contain, on average, weaker total andcentral radio sources than the H galaxies have, on average, smallercentral radio sources (of greater radio surface brightness) than the Hgalaxies and follow a less-steep logarithmic radio power-radio sizerelation. As regards the Seyfert galaxies, which are known to becharacterized by powerful central radio emission, we have found thatthey contain, on average, central radio sources of intermediate size,which obey a power-size relation of intermediate steepness (with respectto the L and H galaxies). Thus our statistical study reveals basicstructural differences between the radio properties of the L, H andSeyfert galaxies, and between the effects of interactions on the radioproperties of the three classes of galaxies.
| Groups of galaxies in the Center for Astrophysics redshift survey
By applying the Huchra and Geller (1982) objective group identificationalgorithm to the Center for Astrophysics' redshift survey, a catalog of128 groups with three or more members is extracted, and 92 of these areused as a statistical sample. A comparison of the distribution of groupcenters with the distribution of all galaxies in the survey indicatesqualitatively that groups trace the large-scale structure of the region.The physical properties of groups may be related to the details oflarge-scale structure, and it is concluded that differences among groupcatalogs may be due to the properties of large-scale structures andtheir location relative to the survey limits.
| The case low-dispersion northern sky survey. III
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1986ApJS...60..543P&db_key=AST
| Double galaxies - Redshift measurements, error analysis, and mean mass/luminosity ratio
New radial velocities for 44 double galaxy systems are presented. Theratio k between the internal and external errors in the redshift data isestimated by comparing data from catalog galaxies with a sample fromWhite et al. (1983). This ratio is found to increase from 1.0 to 2.1from galaxies with strong emission lines to absorption-line objects. Thedisparity between the absolute and internal errors diminishes for theredshift differentials of pair components, because the individual errorsin the redshifts measured for the members of a given pair are observedto be positively correlated. The average value of k for the whole sampleis estimated by considering the values of the first four moments of themass/luminosity ratio as functions of k. The absolute error in theredshift differential is 1.4 times the internal error, bringing the meanratio of orbital mass to luminosity for 490 pairs into good agreementwith the values determined from the differential rotation of galaxies.
| An observational study of the dynamics of binary galaxies
The single velocity measurement rms error value in the present set ofradial velocities for all galaxies in the Turner (1976) catalog of 156binary systems is estimated t be 29 km/sec. Typical velocity differencesare very small, with half of the 55 systems in the subsample of isolatedspiral-spiral pairs (the most reliable set of 'pure' binaries) havingmeasured velocity differences of less than 75 km/sec. By means of MonteCarlo simulations of scale-free ensembles of binary galaxies, it ispossible to show that the present data's independence of eitherluminosity or projected separation is inconsistent both with thehypothesis that the mass of binary systems increases linearly withluminosity, and that galaxies in pairs may effectively be treated aspoint masses. The data favor models in which galaxies interact through aquasi-isothermal potential only weakly depending on luminosity.
| A survey of galaxy redshifts. IV - The data
The complete list of the best available radial velocities for the 2401galaxies in the merged Zwicky-Nilson catalog brighter than 14.5mz and with b (II) above +40 deg or below -30 deg ispresented. Almost 60 percent of the redshifts are from the CfA surveyand are accurate to typically 35 km/s.
| Binary galaxie. I. A well-defined statistical sample.
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1976ApJ...208...20T&db_key=AST
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